论文部分内容阅读
目的 研究推广使用无铅汽油前后儿童血铅水平的动态变化规律。方法 1997年 8～9月间 ,在上海市 5个区县 30所托幼机构 196 9名 1～ 6岁儿童进行了血铅水平抽样调查 ,然后于1998年 4～ 6月及 1999年 8～ 9月对相应人群进行血铅水平两次追踪调查。调查采用末梢血纸片法血铅测定方法。结果 上海市儿童血铅水平几何均数在推广无铅汽油前为 83μg/L ,推广无铅汽油后的 1998年为 80 μg/L ,1999年为 76 μg/L ,与前一年相比血铅水平的变化均有显著意义 (t值分别为2 .2 190、4 .4 5 76 ,P值分别小于 0 .0 5和 0 .0 1) ;超过目前国际公认的儿童铅中毒诊断标准 (10 0 μg/L)的比例也由使用无铅汽油前的 37.8%下降到 1999年的 2 4 .8% ,差异有非常显著性 (u =8.82 4 7,P <0 .0 1)。儿童血铅水平几何均数下降幅度徐汇区为 10 μg/L、静安区 11μg/L、杨浦区 6 μg/L、嘉定区4 μg/L、崇明县 2 μg/L。 结论 推广使用无铅汽油可降低儿童的血铅水平。
Objective To study the dynamic changes of blood lead levels in children before and after the promotion of the use of unleaded gasoline. Methods Blood samples were collected from 196 9 children aged from 1 to 6 years from 30 nurseries in 5 districts and counties of Shanghai from August to September 1997. The blood lead levels were measured from April to June in 1998 and from August to September in 1999, In September, the blood lead level of the corresponding population was tracked twice. Investigate the use of peripheral blood paper blood lead determination method. Results The geometric mean blood lead levels of children in Shanghai were 83 μg / L before the promotion of unleaded gasoline, 80 μg / L after the promotion of unleaded gasoline in 1998 and 76 μg / L in 1999, compared with the previous year The changes of lead levels were significant (t = 2. 190, 4. 4 5 76 respectively, P <0. 05 and 0. 01 respectively); exceeding the internationally recognized diagnostic criteria for childhood lead poisoning 10 0 μg / L) also dropped from 37.8% before the use of unleaded gasoline to 2.48% in 1999, with a significant difference (u = 8.82 4 7, P <0.01). The geometric mean decrease of blood lead levels in children was 10 μg / L in Xuhui District, 11 μg / L in Jing’an District, 6 μg / L in Yangpu District, 4 μg / L in Jiading District and 2 μg / L in Chongming County. Conclusion Promoting the use of unleaded petrol reduces blood lead levels in children.