急性病毒性胃肠炎可由多种病毒引起,但其中最常见的是轮状病毒和Norwalk样病毒。前者是婴幼儿急性腹泻的主要病因,多为散发,偶有爆发;Norwalk样病毒则是成人和大龄儿童流行性非细菌性胃肠炎的主要病因,常引起家庭、学校、托儿所、孤儿院、休养所、旅游船、养老院、医院及其他社团的急性胃肠炎爆发。Kaplan等报告,美国疾病控制中心对1976～1980年81次急性非细菌性胃肠炎爆发进行调查,发现其中38 Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by a variety of viruses, but the most common are rotavirus and Norwalk-like virus. The former is the main cause of acute diarrhea in infants and young children, mostly sporadic, occasional outbreaks; Norwalk-like virus is the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in adults and older children often cause families, schools, nurseries, orphanages, Resorts, cruise ships, nursing homes, hospitals and other associations of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. Kaplan et al. Reported that the U.S. Centers for Disease Control conducted a survey of 81 acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks between 1976 and 1980 and found that 38