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新生代期间印度-亚洲板块碰撞引起青藏高原快速隆升,将青藏高原转变为与其周边较低地域相隔离的“生态岛”.伴随着栖息地被迅速抬升到更高地区的鱼类,积累了适应环境变化的基因和形态特征,演变为新物种.一如加拉帕戈斯群岛之于达尔文,青藏高原同样为我们提供了一个研究“演化进行时”的巨大实验室.此外,由于内陆鱼类局限于内陆水域,其化石亦通常在原地埋藏,而且鱼类的分布严格受水系格局的限制,而水系格局又受地质事件的制约,其系统演化与隆升并进尤为明显.因此鱼化石研究可揭示诸如古气候、古水系格局、古高度等古环境方面的因素,进而协助重建高原隆升的历史.近年来我们在青藏高原发现了非常丰富且保存精良的新生代鱼化石,其中包括裂腹鱼亚科内罕见的全身长有粗骨头的伍氏献文鱼(Hsianwenia wui),它曾生活在含钙极高的特殊盐度的水域中,见证了柴达木盆地的干旱化过程.青藏高原新生代鱼化石的研究显示,有些现在已经相当高的地点,在渐新世、中新世和上新世时仍分别处于很低的地位,而另几个地点在上新世时就已经和现在高度大致相当.我们还推算出,从晚上新世到现代东昆仑的抬升幅度不会超过1000 m.这与目前氧、碳同位素的研究结果(即东昆仑同期曾抬升了2700±1600 m)很不相同,但我们认为化石证据或更可信些.
During the Cenozoic, the collision between the Indian plate and Asian plate caused the rapid uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the transformation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau into an “ecological island” isolated from the lower surrounding area. With the habitats rapidly uplifted to higher areas, The accumulation of genetic and morphological features that adapt to environmental changes evolves into new species. Like the Galapagos archipelagos in Darwin, the Tibetan Plateau also provided us with a huge laboratory for research on “the evolution of time.” In addition , The inland fish are confined to inland waters and their fossils are usually buried in situ. The distribution of fish is strictly limited by the pattern of water systems, which are constrained by geological events. Their evolution and uplifting are especially Therefore, the study on fish fossils can reveal paleoenvironmental factors such as paleoclimate, paleo-water system and ancient height, which can help to rebuild the history of plateau uplift.In recent years, we found a very rich and well-preserved Cenozoic in the Tibetan Plateau Fish fossils, including the rare, full-bodied Hsianwenia wui, found in the subfamily of Slitina vulgaris, have been found in extremely salty waters with very high salinity , Witnessed the aridification process in the Qaidam Basin.Research on the Cenozoic fish fossils from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shows that some sites that are now quite high still occupy a very low position during Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene , While the other locations were roughly the same height as the present Pliocene at the time of Pliocene and we also calculated that the uplift from the Late Pliocene to the modern East Kunlun will not exceed 1000 m. This is consistent with the current study on oxygen and carbon isotopes The results (that is, the East Kunlun Mountains had been up 2700 ± 1600 m over the same period) are quite different, but we believe fossil evidence is more credible.