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传统道家思想在魏晋时期迎来了历史发展的新时期。尤其是魏晋玄学,在继承“老庄”思想上继续推进道家思想的发展。但是到了东晋后,一批士人对传统道家思想进行再创造,开出新的道家思想。魏晋名士不仅对道家思想进行解构,而且还把道家思想进行重构,一是“以无为本”的本体论继承传统道家的玄学理论,以何宴、王弼为代表;二竹林名士“越名教而任自然”对传统道家的升华,以嵇康为代表;三是东晋张湛将儒释道“三教融合”对传统道家的再创造;四是葛洪的金丹学对传统道家的拓展。这四种路径是对传统道家思想创新型的转向。由于,在魏晋时期以本体论重新建构传统道家思想为人的精神安顿提供一种境界,他们以一种“新道家”信仰作为人的关怀。所以,厘清魏晋时期名士对传统道家思想的传播和发展具有十分重要的意义。
The traditional Taoist thought ushered in a new period of historical development in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In particular, Metaphysics of Wei and Jin dynasties, continue to promote the development of Taoism in the inheritance “Laozhuang ” thought. However, after the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a group of scholars recreated the traditional Taoism and opened up new Taoist ideas. The celebrities in the Wei and Jin dynasties not only deconstructed Taoism, but also reconstructed the Taoism. First, the ontology of “based on nothingness” inherits the metaphysics of traditional Taoism, represented by He Ban and Wang Bi; “The more the name taught nature,” the sublimation of the traditional Taoist, represented by Ji Kang; Third, the Eastern Jin and Zhang Zhan Confucianism and Buddhism Road “Three Religions fusion” on the re-creation of the traditional Taoist; fourth Ge Hong Jin Dan Expansion of traditional Taoism. These four paths are the innovative shift toward traditional Taoist thought. Because, in the Wei and Jin dynasties, using ontology to reconstruct the traditional Taoist ideology as the spiritual settlements provide a realm, they use a “new Taoist” faith as human care. Therefore, it is of great significance to make clear the celebrities’ propaganda and development of the traditional Taoism during the Wei and Jin Dynasties.