We investigate mechanisms of laser induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) of multi-layer dielectric gratings (MDGs).It is found that the laser damage thresholds of M
The average particle coordination number, one of the characters conceing the pore size distribution in the films,was introduced in dye-sensitized solar cell (DS
The possible defect models of Y3+:PbWO4 crystals are discussed by defect chemistry and the most possible substituting positions of the impurity Y3+ ions are stu