孙中山先生在《实业计划》中提出的两路开发中国实业方案 ,开启了贯穿国民党统治始终的国营与民营经济分野标准之争 ,也引发了思想界对中国经济现代化理论的思考与探索 ,推动了该理论的形成与发展。其间 ,三种思想趋势尤为引人注目 :其一 ,在经济现代化模式上 ,由对发达国家的单个模仿 ,转变为以中国为基础而博采众长 ;其二 ,在经济现代化的任务上 ,由以强国为中心转变为以富民为中心、富民与强国并重 ;其三 ,在经济现代化的方向上 ,由以社会公正为先而强调扩大国营事业范围 ,转变为以经济效率为先而淡化国营与民营经济范围的划分。国民政府没有及时总结这些理论成果 ,并纳入其决策与政策之中 ,导致了其战后经济重建的失败与政治上的迅速垮台。 The two-way development of China’s industrial solution proposed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in the “Industrial Plan” started the dispute over the standard of separation of state-run economy and private economy throughout the Kuomintang rule. It also caused the thinking circles to think and explore China’s economic modernization theory and promoted The formation and development of this theory. In the meantime, the three kinds of trends in thinking are particularly striking: First, in the mode of economic modernization, individual imitations of developed countries are transformed into drawing on the basis of China; Second, on the task of economic modernization, Thirdly, in the direction of economic modernization, we should emphasize the expansion of the scope of state-owned enterprises by taking social justice as the first priority and transform the state-owned and private-owned economy by taking economic efficiency as the first step. Division of the scope. The failure of the Kuomintang government to timely summarize these theoretical achievements and incorporate them into their decisions and policies led to the failure of their post-war economic reconstruction and the rapid political collapse.