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近二、三十年来,国内就符号和语言的任意性和象似性问题时有争论。本文认为许多问题有待梳理和深入研究。例如:任意论者所谈的符号是语言符号,而象似性论者所谈的符号具有包括语言符号在内的元符号性质;就语言而言,前者着重语音和口述语言,后者还兼及文字和书面语言;就象似性而言,前者承认为数较少的高度的拟声性,后者扩展至拟象性、隐喻和有理据性。本文还进一步讨论了这场争论为什么迟至上世纪八十年代后展开,从汉语的发展重新解读索绪尔的语言任意性和线性特征,以及我们如何正确对待传统与创新的关系。
In the past two or three decades, there has been controversy in China about the arbitrariness and iconicity of symbols and languages. This paper argues that many problems need to be sorted out and further studied. For example, the symbol spoken by any commentator is a linguistic sign, whereas the symbolism-like signifier has a metamorphic character including linguistic signs. In terms of language, the former focuses on speech and spoken language, As well as written and written language. In the meantime, the former admits a high degree of pseudo-acoustics which is less in number, and the latter extends to the metaphorical, metaphorical and justified. This article further discusses why the controversy unfolds as late as the 1980s and redevelops Saussure’s language arbitrariness and linear features from the development of Chinese and how we correctly deal with the relationship between tradition and innovation.