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以弗洛伊德为代表的精神分析批评侧重于研究人的内心精神世界,而西方马克思主义文论批评观则跟更多的研究的是作品的内容,作品与其外部的关系,即人与人或者社会的关系。从表面上看二者是相互矛盾的,然而实际上西方马克思主义者在批判精神分析批评的局限性的同时,又大胆的对精神分析批评进行了吸收和借鉴。虽然两者在对人性的理解和对文学的态度上具体主张不尽相同,但是二者在批判现代社会否定人性,强调艺术具有反抗社会、拯救人性、解放人类等特殊职能上是基本一致的。
The psychoanalytic criticism represented by Freud focused on the study of the inner spiritual world, while the critique of Western Marxist literary criticism followed more the content of the work, the relationship between the work and its outside, that is, Or social relations. On the surface, the two are contradictory. However, in fact, Western Marxists, while criticizing the limitations of psychoanalytic criticism, have boldly absorbed and used psychoanalytic criticism. Although both have different opinions on human nature and attitude to literature, both are basically the same in critiquing the negation of human nature in modern society and emphasizing that art possesses special functions of resisting society, saving humanity and liberating mankind.