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运用FLAC3D对竖向锚杆在不同上拔力作用下锚杆不同位置的轴力、位移以及锚固体系各个界面上的剪应力及其分布规律进行了系统的数值模拟研究。计算结果表明:当上拔力较小时,锚杆端头的轴力最大,向锚杆里端轴力呈减小趋势。锚杆-砂浆界面和砂浆-岩土体界面的剪应力在端部最大,且向里端呈减小趋势。随着上拔力的增大,锚杆轴力也随之增大,但最大值仍然出现在端部,且接近最大值的锚杆轴力区间沿着锚杆向里拓展。锚杆端部界面的剪应力减小,最大值向里端转移,呈中间大、两端小的分布状态;随着上拔力的增大,砂浆周围土体所受剪应力逐渐增大,且剪应力作用范围也逐渐扩大至远离砂浆的区域。
By using FLAC3D, the axial forces and displacements of anchor bars at different positions and the shear stresses and their distributions at various interfaces of the anchor system under different upward forces are systematically studied. The calculation results show that when the pullout force is small, the axial force of the bolt end is the largest and the axial force to the bolt end tends to decrease. The shear stress of the anchor-mortar interface and the mortar-rock interface is the largest at the end and decreases toward the inner end. With the increase of the pulling force, the axial force of the anchor rod also increases, but the maximum value still appears at the end, and the bolt axial force range close to the maximum extends inward along the anchor rod. The shear stress at the end of the anchor decreases, the maximum value is transferred to the inner end, which is in the middle and small at both ends. With the increase of the pullout force, the shear stress on the soil around the mortar increases gradually, And the scope of shear stress also gradually expanded to the area far from the mortar.