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目的探讨生产性噪声对印刷厂车间噪声作业工人听力损失的连续性影响,为保护噪声职业接触者身体健康,控制职业病危害因素提供依据。方法回顾性分析某印刷厂车间噪声接触人员连续三年的纯音听阈测试结果,结合15个噪声监测点的现场噪声强度,分析连续3年听力损失的动态变化及其影响因素。结果随着噪声接触时间的延长,4.0 kHz及6.0kHz频率听力损失的差异有统计学意义(F=1.333、1.045,P<0.01)。10年及以上工龄组工人听力损失率(46.51%)高于10年以下工龄组(14.48%)。性别、噪声强度、工龄、年龄是听力损失发生的独立危害因素,男性高于女性,85 dB(A)以上的噪声强度下及10年以上工龄者听力损失发生的风险较高,年龄≥50岁组发生听力损失的风险较<50岁组高(OR值分别为2.721、2.376、2.044、2.816)。结论噪声暴露剂量和听力损失存在一定的剂量—反应关系。
Objective To explore the continuous influence of productive noise on the hearing loss of noise-exposed workers in printing shop, and provide the basis for protecting the health of noise-exposed occupational workers and controlling the occupational hazards. Methods The results of pure tone audiometry for three consecutive years of noise exposure were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the field noise intensity of 15 noise monitoring sites, the dynamic changes of hearing loss and its influencing factors in 3 consecutive years were analyzed. Results With the prolongation of noise exposure time, the difference of hearing loss at 4.0 kHz and 6.0 kHz was statistically significant (F = 1.333, 1.045, P <0.01). The hearing loss rate of workers in working age group of 10 years and above (46.51%) was higher than that of working age group of less than 10 years (14.48%). Sex, noise intensity, length of service and age were independent risk factors for hearing loss. Men were higher than women. The risk of hearing loss at 85 dB (A) or above and hearing loss of more than 10 years was higher than 50 years The risk of hearing loss in the group was higher than that in the <50 group (OR = 2.721, 2.376, 2.044, 2.816 respectively). Conclusion There is a dose-response relationship between noise exposure and hearing loss.