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为研究增大种植密度后油菜品种的群体优势和单位面积产量,以2013年品种区域试验中密植条件下(3.45×105~4.05×105株/hm2)国家审定的22个冬油菜品种为材料,研究农艺性状、产量性状、品质性状及抗病性状,分析不同区域审定品种各性状的差异,比较密植条件与稀植条件下油菜品种在单株产量、单位面积产量及产量构成因子间的变化特征。结果表明:参试品种的平均单位面积产量为2 861.25kg/hm2,平均含油量为44.88%;3个产量构成因子中,单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重平均分别为280.52个、21.13个和3.85g,其中,以单株角果数的变异系数最高,为0.21,表明其在不同品种间差异大,是最不稳定的产量因子。单株产量与单株有效角果数和分枝数的相关系数分别为0.79和0.68,达到极显著水平,与每角粒数和千粒重无显著相关关系;单位面积产量则与3个产量构成因子均无显著相关关系。主成分分析结果表明,4个综合指标的累计贡献率81.83%,可以用其对单位面积产量进行概括分析。与2001-2010年间稀植条件下审定的冬油菜品种相比,2013年密植条件下审定的冬油菜品种单位面积产量提高了10.61%,然而3个产量构成因子中,单株角果数降幅为29.08%,每角粒数和千粒重则无显著变化,这种变化可能主要归因于油菜种植密度的大幅增加。
In order to study the population advantage and yield per unit area of rape cultivars after increasing planting densities, 22 winter rapeseed cultivars (3.45 × 105 ~ 4.05 × 105 plants / hm2) under close planting conditions in regional trials of 2013 were used as materials, The agronomic traits, yield traits, quality traits and disease resistance traits were studied. The differences of traits in different regions were analyzed. The characteristics of single rapeseed yield, yield per unit area, . The results showed that the average yield per unit area of the tested varieties was 2 861.25 kg / hm2 and the average oil content was 44.88%. Among the three yield components, the number of per plant, the number of per plant and the weight per 1000 seeds were 280.52, 21.13 and 3.85g, respectively. Among them, the coefficient of variation of the number of pods per plant was the highest, which was 0.21, indicating that it was the most unstable yield factor among different varieties. The correlation coefficients between single plant yield and effective pods and branches were 0.79 and 0.68, respectively. There was no significant correlation between grain yield and grain weight per thousand and grain weight per unit area. The yield per unit area was related to three yield components No significant correlation. The principal component analysis results show that the cumulative contribution rate of the four comprehensive indicators is 81.83%, which can be used to generalize the yield per unit area. Compared with winter rape cultivars approved under the condition of thinning between 2001 and 2010, the yield per unit area of winter rapeseed cultivated in close planting conditions in 2013 increased by 10.61%. However, among the three yield components, 29.08%. There was no significant change in grain number and 1000-grain weight. This change may be mainly attributed to the substantial increase of planting density of rapeseed.