笔者首先从理论上分析了人力资本不平等对全要素生产率的影响,然后对我国1996年~2013年的省级面板数据进行实证检验。实证结果表明,人力资本不平等对全要素生产率的作用受平均人力资本影响,平均人力资本对全要素生产率的作用也受人力资本不平等影响。进一步分析得出结论:一般情况下人力资本不平等对全要素生产率产生负的影响,只有在平均人力资本很低的时候,人力资本不平等才对全要素生产率产生正的影响,而这主要是因为高素质人力资本的溢出效应。 The author first analyzes the impact of inequality of human capital on total factor productivity in theory and then tests the provincial panel data from 1996 to 2013 in our country. The empirical results show that the effect of human capital inequality on total factor productivity is affected by the average human capital, and the effect of average human capital on total factor productivity is also affected by human capital inequality. Further analysis concluded that under normal circumstances, human capital inequality has a negative impact on total factor productivity, and human capital inequality has a positive impact on total factor productivity only when average human capital is very low Because of the spillover effect of high-quality human capital.