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《水浒传》是反映中国古代文化的一部经典名著,本文尝试从社会学的角度对其中的(私)“义”之大于(公)法、有(集团)内(集团)外之别,“食人”的爱好和嗜杀,仇视女性等文化进行探讨。指出由于中国古代社会是一个农业型的社会,这种社会的结构是一种“差序格局”(费孝通语),因此它使人遇事总是从私人感情出发采取不同的态度;“差序格局”的界限性使人视集团外部的人为异类,因此是可食可杀的;古代农业“匮乏经济”(费孝通语)使夫妻偏于事业上的组合,而父系制又使家庭的主轴在父子而非夫妻,因此社会对夫妻感情和女性采取禁锢和歧视的态度,也使男性的感情重心向着同性倾斜。
“Outlaws of the Marsh” is a classic masterpiece reflecting ancient Chinese culture. This paper tries to analyze the relationship between “Outlaws of the Marsh” and “ Do not, ”cannibalism “ hobbies and bloodthirsty, hate women and other cultures to explore. It points out that since ancient Chinese society was an agricultural society, the structure of this society was a ”pattern of difference“ (Fei Xiaotong language), so it makes people always take a different attitude from the personal feelings ; ”Difference order pattern “ of the limit makes people outside the group as heterogeneous, so edible can kill; ancient agriculture ”lack of economy " (Fei Xiaotong language) so that husband and wife tend to a combination of career , While the patriarchal system made the family’s father and son not husband and wife at the same time. Therefore, society’s attitude of confining and discriminating between husband and wife and women also inclined men’s feelings to the same sex.