本综述的目的是阐明艾滋病合并骨科手术患者围手术期防护措施,以减少暴露风险。在手术前,患者必须启动高效抗反转录病毒治疗以减少医务人员职业暴露的风险;在医疗活动中,医务人员要戴面罩和口罩;在术中,基于骨科手术常见的暴露风险,要求医务人员戴双层手套、眼罩,穿防护服,术中尽可能减少锐利器械和刀具的使用、尽可能进行无接触手术,以减少术中职业暴露的风险。如术中发生职业暴露,应尽早进行职业暴露后预防。基于艾滋病患者骨科手术职业暴露的风险的研究,建立了具有中国特色的围术期防护措施,这有助于减少骨科手术患者职业暴露的风险。 The purpose of this review is to elucidate the perioperative protective measures in patients with AIDS and orthopedic surgery to reduce the risk of exposure. Prior to surgery, patients have to start aggressive antiretroviral therapy to reduce the risk of occupational exposure to medical personnel; medical personnel wear masks and masks during medical activities; during surgery, based on common exposures to orthopedic surgery, medical attention is required Staff wearing double gloves, goggles, wearing protective clothing, surgery to minimize the use of sharp instruments and knives, as far as possible to conduct non-contact surgery to reduce the risk of intraoperative occupational exposure. If occupational exposure occurs during surgery, occupational exposure should be prevented as soon as possible. Based on the study of the risk of occupational exposure to orthopedic surgery in AIDS patients, a perioperative protective measures with Chinese characteristics has been established, which helps to reduce the occupational exposure risk of orthopedic patients.