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青海省湟海渠从海晏县引湟水,流经海晏、湟源二县,全长73公里,海拔高为2,600～3,100米.湟海灌区地处高寒区,寒冷期每年达5～8个月,最低气温为-26.6℃.该灌区的年降雨量为450毫米左右,且分配不均匀,属半干旱气候,灌溉缺水问题很严重.全灌区设计灌溉面积为3.5万亩.干渠设计流量上、下段分别为2.5和1.7米~3/秒;渠道底宽为1.0～1.5米,边坡1:1.5;渠道纵坡为1/3,000～1/4,000.干渠最上游段处在草原地区,其余段为傍山塬边渠道.沿渠的工程地质与水文地质复杂,在黄土和类似黄土分布区,地下水位较浅,土壤颗粒的粉粘粒含量多在
Qinghai Province Qionghaiqu diverting water from Haiyan County, flows through Haiyan, Laiyuan two counties, a total length of 73 kilometers, an elevation of 2,600 ~ 3,100 meters.Guhai Irrigation District is located in the alpine zone, the cold period of up to 5 ~ 8 months, the lowest temperature of -26.6 ℃. The irrigation area annual rainfall of about 450 mm, and the uneven distribution, is a semi-arid climate, irrigation and water shortage is very serious. Irrigation area of 350,000 mu. The upper and lower sections of the design flow are 2.5 and 1.7 m ~ 3 / s respectively; the bottom width of the channel is 1.0-1.5 m and the slope is 1: 1.5; the longitudinal slope of the channel is 1 / 3,000-1 / 4,000. Area, the rest of the mountainside side of the mountain channel.Drainage along the canal geological and hydrogeological complex, loess and similar loess distribution area, the shallow water table, the soil particles of clay content is more