张岱年在《中国社会科学》1990年第3期著文认为,价值的第一层含义是客体能够满足主体的需要;除此之外,价值还包含对需要的层次和需要的主体进行评价的问题。从不同需要之间包容与被包容的关系来看,整体的需要高于个人的需要;从人所异于禽兽的特有的需要来看,精神的需要高于物质的需要。人类的价值应该就人类与其他物类的比较而言,自我的价值应该就自我与别人、自我与社会、自我与人类的关系而言。人类所追求的最高价值是真、善、美,其中真是认识的价值,善是道德的价值,美是艺术的价值。 关于个人的价值可分为两层意义,一是个人的社会价值,即能在一定方面满足社会的需要; Zhang Dainian in the “Chinese Social Sciences,” 1990 the third period the author believes that the first meaning of value is that the object can meet the needs of the subject; In addition, the value also includes the need to assess the level and needs of the subject . In terms of the inclusive and inclusive relationship between needs, the overall needs are above the needs of individuals. From the specific needs of beasts different from animals, the need of the mind is higher than the material need. The value of mankind should be in terms of the comparison of mankind with other categories. The value of self should be in terms of the relationship between self and others, self and society, self and mankind. The highest value pursued by mankind is truth, goodness and beauty, of which the true value of knowing, goodness is the value of morality and the beauty is the value of art. The value of the individual can be divided into two meanings, one is the social value of the individual, that is, to meet the needs of society in a certain respect;