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[目的]通过了解山西某煤矿不同工种尘肺患者的发病特征,探讨不同岗位(作业环境)对工人健康的影响。[方法]收集山西某煤矿集团1970—2010年入矿的所有符合进入标准的1 847名尘肺患者的职业史资料和职业病诊断资料,建立数据库。按照其职业史资料,将研究对象划分为掘进、采煤、混合、辅助4类统计工种,分析不同工种尘肺患者的发病潜伏期、发病年龄、接尘工龄、结核合并率及定诊时的脱尘比例。[结果]在被调查的1 847名尘肺患者中,掘进、采煤、混合、辅助工人的发病潜伏期分别为(21.9±8.8)、(23.7±9.1)、(17.0±6.3)、(23.9±6.1)年,发病年龄分别为(46.0±8.4)、(48.2±8.3)、(42.3±7.2)、(44.0±6.2)岁,接尘工龄分别为(19.6±7.2)、(21.6±7.8)、(16.2±5.0)、(20.4±6.5)年,定诊时的脱尘比例分别为46.8%、57.8%、29.6%、60.7%;不同工种的发病潜伏期、发病年龄、接尘工龄、定诊时的脱尘比例不同,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。其中混合工发病潜伏期最短,发病年龄最小,接尘工龄最短,定诊时的脱尘比例也最低。掘进、采煤、混合、辅助工人的结核合并率分别为1.8%、1.0%、3.7%、2.6%,差异无统计学意义。[结论]该煤矿企业中,混合工发病潜伏期最短,发病年龄最小,接尘工龄最短,定诊时的脱尘比例最小。
[Objective] To investigate the incidence of pneumoconiosis in different types of workers in a coal mine in Shanxi Province and explore the impact of different positions (working environment) on the workers’ health. [Method] Collect the occupational history data and occupational disease diagnostic data of 1 847 pneumoconiosis patients who meet the entry criteria from 1970 to 2010 in Shanxi Coal Mine Group, and establish a database. According to their occupational history data, the research object is divided into four categories: tunneling, coal mining, blending and auxiliary. The incubation period, the age of onset, the length of service, the rate of tuberculosis and the dust removal proportion. [Results] Among the 1 847 pneumoconiosis patients surveyed, the latent periods of driving, coal mining, mixing and auxiliary workers were (21.9 ± 8.8), (23.7 ± 9.1), (17.0 ± 6.3) and (23.9 ± 6.1 ) And the age of onset were (46.0 ± 8.4), (48.2 ± 8.3), (42.3 ± 7.2) and (44.0 ± 6.2) years, respectively 16.2 ± 5.0) and (20.4 ± 6.5) years respectively. The proportion of de-dusting at the time of diagnosis was 46.8%, 57.8%, 29.6% and 60.7% respectively. The incubation period, age of onset, The different proportions of dust removal, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Among them, the mixed workers had the shortest incubation period, the smallest age of onset, the shortest service life of dust, and the lowest proportion of dust removal at the time of diagnosis. The TB co-incidence rates for driving, mining, mixing and supporting workers were 1.8%, 1.0%, 3.7% and 2.6% respectively, with no significant difference. [Conclusion] Among the coal miners, the incubation period of mixed workers was the shortest, the age of onset was the smallest, the shortest was the duration of dust collection, and the proportion of dust removal was smallest at the time of diagnosis.