目的了解中国初中生的健康行为和保护性因素现状及其变化趋势。方法采用WHO的GSHS问卷,由美国疾病预防控制中心在北京、杭州、武汉和乌鲁木齐4座城市中抽取100所中学,在9015名初中生中进行问卷调查。结果超重学生比例3.2%;在学校吃东西前从不或很少洗手的学生占25.3%;过去12个月内20.5%的学生受到过严重伤害,打过架的男生占30.4%,认真考虑过自杀的学生占17.1%。尝试吸烟率29.7%,过去30天里饮酒的学生占13.0%,14.5%的学生被给过或被销售过毒品。运动量不足的学生占78.9%,乘车通常系安全带的学生只有14.3%。男生在吸烟、饮酒、打架、喝碳酸饮料、饭前厕后不洗手等方面的不健康行为以及意外伤害发生的比例明显高于女生(P<0.01)。而女生在心理问题、体育运动不足方面的发生率明显高于男生(P<0.01)。结论目前四城市初中生中在饮食、卫生、心理、吸烟饮酒、体育运动等方面普遍存在不健康行为,学校应针对这些主要问题开展积极有效的健康教育活动,帮助青少年树立健康观念、养成健康行为,提高他们的整体健康水平。 Objective To understand the current situation and trend of health behaviors and protective factors of junior middle school students in China. Methods According to the WHO GSHS questionnaire, 100 secondary schools were selected by the CDC in 4 cities of Beijing, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Urumqi, and 9015 middle school students were surveyed. Results 3.2% of overweight students; 25.3% of students who never or rarely wash their hands before eating at school; 20.5% of students have been severely injured in the past 12 months and 30.4% of boys have played frame; Suicide students accounted for 17.1%. Attempts to smoke 29.7% of smokers, 13.0% of drinkers over the past 30 days, and 14.5% of pupils were given or were sold drugs. 78.9% of the students did not exercise, and only 14.3% of the students usually took seat belts. The proportion of unhealthy behaviors and accidental injuries of boys in smoking, drinking, fighting, drinking carbonated drinks and not washing their hands after eating rice was significantly higher than that of girls (P <0.01). The incidence of female students in psychological problems, lack of exercise was significantly higher than boys (P <0.01). Conclusions At present, unhealthy behaviors among junior high school students in four cities are common in their diet, hygiene, psychology, smoking and drinking, sports and so on. Schools should carry out active and effective health education activities on these major issues to help young people establish healthy concepts and develop healthy behaviors , Improve their overall health.