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在小半径曲线的内轨侧出现钢轨短波波磨加剧的现象,是世界上许多铁路网都面临的一个问题。由于地铁线路小半径曲线大量存在,受其影响尤为突出。本文为一实例研究,属于一个研发预测曲线地段钢轨波磨的数值工具课题的一部分。在斯德哥尔摩地铁中一处半径为120m的曲线段上,通过重复测试轨道的粗糙度及列车通过时引起的噪声,监测波磨的发展状况。在一年的打磨过程中,发生了剧烈的短波波磨,最大峰-峰值约为0.15mm。测试数据谱分析显示,在4～14cm波长范围内,粗糙度幅值较大,峰值约在5和8cm处。波磨为单一的纵向形式(波峰与轨道方向垂直),幅值在100m长的被测轨道段上呈现不规则变化。粗糙度增长速率随时间增加,直至钢轨打磨后的300天,此后仅有少量的附加粗糙度出现。由于平均车速约为30km/h,因此由波磨造成的滚动噪声主要处于200Hz以下的低频段。打磨后的139～300天,4～14cm波长范围内粗糙度级增加10.1dB,与之相应的60～200Hz频段内的滚动噪声级增加4.9dB。在干燥天气条件下,列车通过时引起人体不适的噪声主要是车轮啸鸣噪声而非滚动噪声。
The phenomenon of increased rail short wave grinding on the inner rail side of the small radius curve is a problem that many railway networks in the world face. Due to the large radius curve of metro lines, it is particularly affected. This article is an example study and is part of a numerical tool to develop rail-to-rail grinding of predicted curves. On a curve segment of 120m radius in the Stockholm metro, monitor the development of corrugation by repeatedly testing the roughness of the track and the noise caused by passing the train. In a year of grinding process, the occurrence of a violent shortwave mill, the maximum peak-peak value of about 0.15mm. Spectrum analysis of the test data showed that the roughness amplitude was larger in the wavelength range of 4~14 cm with a peak value of about 5 and 8 cm. The corrugation is a single longitudinal form (the crests are perpendicular to the direction of the orbit) with irregularities in the length of the measured orbit at a length of 100 m. The rate of increase in roughness increases with time until 300 days after rail grinding, with only a small amount of additional roughness occurring thereafter. As the average speed is about 30km / h, the rolling noise caused by the corrugation is mainly in the low frequency range below 200Hz. Grinding 139 ~ 300 days, 4 ~ 14cm wavelength range roughness increased by 10.1dB, with the corresponding 60 ~ 200Hz band rolling noise level increased by 4.9dB. Under dry weather conditions, the noise that causes human discomfort when the train passes is mainly the howling noise of the wheels rather than the rolling noise.