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利用池塘养殖河蟹,具有成本低,见效快,易管理的优点,其成活率和单产均高于大水面粗放养殖。然而,由于池塘的养殖面积、池中水草的覆盖率、水质等生态条件的制约,由池塘培育出的河蟹在规格、颜色、质量等方面,均逊色于天然湖泊生长的河蟹。具体表现为规格偏小,一般为100-150g/只;外观颜色差,背部往往呈黑色,腹部呈水锈色、黄锈色;体内水份较多,肌肉不饱满,卵巢亦不很充实。由此造成池塘生产的河蟹价格偏低,从而影响了经济效益,也降低了养殖者的生产积极性。为了提高池塘养蟹的质量,根据河蟹的生活习性,及一些养殖单位的生产现状,笔者认为应从以下几个方面加强技术管理。
The use of pond culture crab, with low cost, quick, easy to manage the advantages of its survival rate and yield are higher than the surface of the extensive aquaculture. However, the crabs developed from ponds are inferior to the crabs grown in natural lakes in terms of size, color, quality, etc., due to the pond’s aquaculture area, coverage of aquatic plants in ponds, and water quality and other ecological conditions. Specific performance specifications for the small, usually 100-150g / only; appearance of poor color, the back is often black, the water was rusty belly, yellow rust color; body more water, muscle is not full, the ovary is not very substantial. As a result, the prices of crabs and crabs produced in the ponds are low, thus affecting the economic benefits and reducing the producers’ enthusiasm for production. In order to improve the quality of pond crabs, according to the living habits of crabs and the production status of some breeding units, the author believes that technical management should be strengthened in the following aspects.