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本文认为,在中国传统社会中,家庭的“维系”是指各种社会力量设法维持联合家庭、直系家庭的存在;而“离析”则反其道而行之。“维系“与“离析”一直是传统社会作用于家庭形态的两种基本力量,不过在不同的历史时期,彼此的强弱程度互异。传统社会中的政府、宗族是维系大家庭的主要力量。他们通过保持家庭财产的完整、严肃家内管理秩序、伦理道德倡导、表彰典型大家庭等方式来达到这一自的。然而,中国传统社会自给自足的小农经济是对大家庭的主要分化力量,同时,政府的苛政、伦理道德的约束力的减弱趋势以及各个家庭具体经济状况的变化也不断侵蚀着联合家庭、直系家庭的存在基础,核心家庭在整个传统社会中的比例呈愈益扩大之势,并最终成为主流家庭形态。
This paper argues that in traditional Chinese society, “maintaining” a family means that various social forces try to maintain the existence of a united family and an immediate family; and “separation” is in the opposite direction. “Maintaining” and “separating” have always been the two basic forces that the traditional society acts on family forms. However, the strength and weakness of each other are different in different historical periods. In traditional society, the government and the clan are the major forces that sustain the extended family. They achieved this by keeping the family property intact, serious family management order, ethical advocacy, and recognition of a typical extended family. However, the small-scale peasant economy in China’s traditional society is the main differentiator for the extended family. At the same time, the government’s tyranny, the weakened binding power of ethics and morals, and the changes in the specific economic conditions of various families have also eroded the joint family and immediate family Based on the existence of the core family in the proportion of the entire traditional society showed an increasing trend and eventually become the mainstream family form.