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本试验采用20个组合 T 质杂种与亲本及部分相应 A 质杂种,采用通径分析、同亲回归分析、主成分分析等数量遗传学方法,针对当前 T 型杂交小麦产量优势不强的原因进行了研究。试验表明:T 质杂种与相应 A 质杂种相比,虽产量结构有不同,但 T 质对杂种产量优势不表现显著影响。T 质杂种恢复度达到80%左右则与产量无显著相关。T 质杂种的产量优势与农艺性状的亲本选配关系十分密切。与前人工作相比,本文较系统地分析了 T 型杂交小麦亲本选配的原则和特点。结果表明:其亲本选配仍遵从亲本性状优良、配合力高、双亲有一定的遗传差异、产量结构互补的一般作物杂优育种的亲本选配原则;但又有其特点:(1)双亲均有较高产量水平;(2)双亲均有基本适应性;(3)亲本对 T 质有遗传上的适应性。
In this study, 20 combinations of T-type hybrids and their parents and some corresponding A-type hybrids were used in this study. Based on quantitative genetics methods such as path analysis, cousin regression analysis and principal component analysis, Study. The results showed that compared with the corresponding A-type hybrids, the T-type hybrids did not significantly affect the yield superiority of hybrids, although the yield structures differed. T-type hybrid recovery of about 80% is no significant correlation with the yield. T yield hybrids and agronomic traits of the parent matching relationship is very close. Compared with previous work, this paper systematically analyzes the principles and characteristics of T-hybrid wheat parents matching. The results showed that the parents ’selection still obeys the principle of parent matching of general crop heterosis breeding, which has the characteristics of good parents, high combining ability, certain parents’ genetic relationship, and complementary yield structure. However, it has its own characteristics: (1) (2) Both parents have basic adaptability; (3) The parents have genetic adaptability to T quality.