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目的探讨陶瓷粉尘接触对女性呼吸系统的损伤特点。方法在前期队列研究的基础上,对某陶瓷企业865名工人进行包括肺功能测试在内的健康体检,收集其职业粉尘暴露史、吸烟和尘肺诊断信息。结果该陶瓷企业女性322人,占总人数的37.22%。其中,接尘女工224人。接尘女工平均尘肺患病率为15.22%,患尘肺潜伏期为(30.0±5.6)年。女工尘肺患病率较男性接尘工人低,但是潜伏期(30.0±5.6)年较男性(32.1±7.4)年时间短。接尘组女工肺功能重度损伤率(27.17%),显著高于不接尘组(12.32%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。瓷厂工人的肺功能障碍率达84.39%(730例),男女性肺功能障碍类型不同,男性限制性障碍是女的2.43倍,女性阻塞性通气障碍是男性的1.41倍,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女工吸烟且接尘组肺功能重度损伤率远高于不吸烟的非接尘组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.813,P<0.001)。结论陶瓷粉尘职业接触对女工呼吸系统功能造成严重损害。吸烟与接尘对女性肺功能损伤有协同作用。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of respiratory damage caused by ceramic dust exposure. Methods On the basis of previous cohort studies, 865 workers in a ceramic enterprise were given physical examination including pulmonary function tests, and their occupational dust exposure history, smoking and pneumoconiosis diagnostic information were collected. Results The ceramic enterprises 322 women, accounting for 37.22% of the total number. Among them, 224 workers take the dust. The average incidence of pneumoconiosis among women exposed to dust was 15.22% and the latent period of pneumoconiosis was (30.0 ± 5.6) years. The prevalence of pneumoconiosis among female workers was lower than that of male workers, but the incubation period was shorter (30.0 ± 5.6 years) than that of men (32.1 ± 7.4 years). The severe lung injury rate in female workers receiving dust was 27.17%, which was significantly higher than that in non-exposed children (12.32%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Porcelain factory workers’ lung dysfunction rate was 84.39% (730 cases). The types of pulmonary dysfunction were different for men and women. The male restrictive disorder was 2.43 times that of female and the female obstructive ventilatory disorder was 1.41 times that of male, with statistical differences Significance (P <0.05). The smoking rate of female workers and the severe injury rate of lung function in dust collection group were significantly higher than those in non-smoking non-dust collection group (χ2 = 11.813, P <0.001). Conclusion Occupational exposure to ceramic dust causes serious damage to the respiratory function of women workers. Smoking and dust exposure have a synergistic effect on female lung function impairment.