管理理论真正成为一门科学,是从十九世纪末到二十世纪初由美国的泰勒、法国的法约尔、德国的韦伯等人形成的“古典管理理论”开始的。他们的著作中,第一次比较系统地探讨了管理的原则、管理的要素、职能和组织体系等方面的问题。管理理论的第二阶段,是从本世纪二十年代开始的行为科学。这种理论着重研究工人在生产中的行为,以及这些行为所产生的原因,重视人的本性和需要,强调可通过 From the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, management theory really became a science. It began with the “classical management theory” formed by Taylor of the United States, Fayol, France, Weber, Germany and others. For the first time in their writings, the management principles, management elements, functions and organizational systems are all discussed systematically. The second stage of management theory is behavioral science starting from the 1920s. This theory focuses on the workers' behavior in production, the causes of these behaviors, the importance of human nature and needs, and emphasizes that