判断文理科的竞争激烈程度,基本的标准有两个,一是录取率,即招生计划数与报考考生数之比,二是考生总体水平。其中,录取率是最为重要的标准,而考生总体水平情况,与考生本人对自我能力的评估定位有密切关系。解决以上问题的根本出路,不在于根据升学情况“引导”中学生合理选科,也不在于高校灵活调整文科、理科的招生数以尽量保持文科与理科相同的升学率,而在于中学不进行文理分科,而大学也逐渐淡化专业界限。高校越来越清晰地认识到,过窄的专业口径招生和专业人才培养,不但使人才的知识结构存在严重缺陷,也不利于这些人才未来的就业,文理结合成为培养人才的重要趋势。 There are two basic criteria for judging the degree of competition in arts and sciences. The first one is admissions rate, that is, the ratio of enrollment plan to the number of applicants and the second is the overall level of candidates. Among them, the acceptance rate is the most important criterion, and the overall level of candidates, and candidates themselves on the assessment of self-positioning is closely related. The fundamental way to solve the above problems lies not in “guiding” middle school students to select subjects rationally, nor in flexibly adjusting liberal arts and science enrollments in universities so as to maintain the same enrollment rate of liberal arts and sciences, but not in secondary schools Arts division, and universities have also played down the professional boundaries. Colleges and universities recognize more and more clearly that narrow professional caliber enrollment and professional training not only cause serious defects in the knowledge structure of personnel, but also do not favor the future employment of these talents. Combining liberal arts with science and technology has become an important trend in personnel training.