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目的:通过研究胸腺肽α1对脓毒症小鼠T淋巴细胞分化及炎症因子的影响，初步探讨胸腺肽α1对脓毒症小鼠预后的影响。方法:将雌性C57小鼠采用随机数表法分为3组：空白对照组、脓毒症组及胸腺肽α1治疗组，对3组小鼠血浆中T细胞计数、T细胞进一步分化及血浆和肺组织中对应炎性因子表达进行统计分析，同时对小鼠96 h内生存状况进行分析。利用graphpad 7.0软件对研究结果进行统计学分析。结果:3组小鼠T淋巴细胞计数无明显差异，但在T淋巴细胞进一步分化中发现，胸腺肽α1组Th17较脓毒症组表达明显减少，Treg较脓毒症组表达明显增加，同时与T细胞分化相关的炎症细胞因子IL-10在胸腺肽α1组血浆及肺组织中表达均明显增加，而IL-17A在血浆及肺组织中表达均明显较少，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05），三组小鼠96 h生存分析发现胸腺肽α1组小鼠生存率明显上升，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。n 结论:胸腺肽α1可增强脓毒症小鼠细胞免疫，改善其免疫、减轻炎症反应，进一步对脓毒症小鼠具有保护作用。“,”Objective:To investigate the effect of thymosin α1 on the differentiation of T lymphocyte and the secretion of inflammatory factors in septic mice, thus to explore the effect of thymosin α1 on the prognosis of sepsis.Methods:Adult female C57 mice were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups: blank control group, sepsis group, and thymosin α1 treatment group. T cell counts and the corresponding inflammatory factors in the further differentiation of T lymphocytes as well as plasma and lung tissues were statistically analyzed, and the survival rate of the mice within 96 h was also analyzed. Graphpad 7.0 software was used for statistically analysis of the study results.Results:There was no significant difference in T cell counts among the three groups of mice, but in the further differentiation of T lymphocytes, the expression of Th17 in the thymosin α1 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the sepsis group, and the expression of Treg was significantly increased in the sepsis group. The expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased in plasma and lung tissues of the thymosin α1 treatment group, while the expression of IL-17A in plasma and lung tissues of the thymosin α1 treatment group was significantly lower ( n P <0.05). Survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the thymosin α1 treatment group increased significantly at 96 h, and the difference was significant statistically ( n P <0.05).n Conclusions:Thymosin α1 can enhance the cellular immunity in sepsis, ameliorate the systemic inflammation, and further protect against sepsis.