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Purpose: To investigate the rate, clinical features, treatment outcomes and prognosis ofpostvitrectomy endophthalmitis.Methods: Patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous opacity or complicatedretinal detachment during 1988 to 2000 were collected. Vitrectomies for recentpenetrating trauma or endophthalmitis were excluded. Patients suffered from clinical orculture-proven postvitrectomy endophthalmitis were selected.Results: Postvitrectomy endophthalmitis happened to 3 of 7 000 patients, resulting in anoverall frequency of 0. 04%. Enhanced systemic and local antibiotics were used assoon as diagnosis was made. Endophthamitis were controlled within 6 days, 8 days and10 days, respectively. Final visual acuities were light perception in 2 patients and0.02 in 1 patient.Conclusion: Postvitrectomy endophthalmitis was rare, but it deteriorate the visualacuity. Both ophthalmologist and patients should pay high attention to it.