A novel chaotic optical time-do-main reflectometry(OTDR)-based approach was proposed for monitoring long-haul fiber communication systems with multiple fiber segments.The self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion effects of the optical cable was considered in demonstrating the proof-of-concept experiment and simulation.In experiments,the correlation peaks are clearly obtained from the correlation trace be-tween the reference and reflected(or scattered)light signals propagating in three optical-fiber segments.The technique affords a high spatial resolution of 2 m,and further long-haul fiber simulations indicate that the sensing distance can be more than 3300 km.Thus,the new pro-posed technique can be effectively applied for health monitoring of long-haul fiber commu-nication systems.