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目的探讨江汉油田失能老人健康状况和卫生服务需求及影响因素。方法采用整群抽样,使用自设问卷、健康状况自评表、日常生活能力量表(ADL)对江汉油田5个社区60岁及以上的3 343名老年人进行面对面问卷调查。结果 (1)老年人失能率13.88%,失能老人健康自我评价为较差和很差占82.3%、慢性病患病率92.95%、调查前2周患病率30.4%、1年住院率38.2%。(2)二分类Logistic回归分析显示,影响失能老人2周就诊的促进因素的OR值及95%CI分别是:年龄2.090(1.076~4.059)、体重指数1.677(1.114~2.524)、患慢病数1.457(1.087~1.953);限制因素是两周是否患病0.109(0.063~0.189)、去医院时间0.167(0.098~0.287)。(3)影响失能老人1年住院的促进因素的OR值及95%CI分别是:患慢病数1.429(1.120~1.824)、是否参加医保1.500(1.154~1.951)、收入状况1.596(1.003~2.541);抑制因素有失能程度0.641(0.474~0.867)、婚姻状况0.702(0.507~0.972)。结论失能老人健康状况比较差,慢性病患病率高,对失能老人应开展针对性的社区卫生服务、康复护理、健康促进,满足失能老人的卫生服务需求,有利于改善健康水平和生活质量。
Objective To investigate the health status of disabled seniors and the demand for health services and their influential factors in Jianghan Oilfield. Methods A cluster questionnaire was used to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey on 3 343 elderly people aged 60 years and above in 5 communities in Jianghan Oilfield using self-designed questionnaires, self-assessment of health status and daily living ability scale (ADL). Results (1) The elderly disabled rate was 13.88%. The poor self-evaluation of disabled elderly was 82.3%. The prevalence of chronic diseases was 92.95%. The prevalence rate was 30.4% in the first two weeks of survey and 38.2% . (2) The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the OR and 95% CI of the promotion factors affecting the two-week treatment of disabled senile patients were 2.090 (1.076-4.0559) and 1.677 (1.114-2.524) respectively, with chronic disease The number of 1.457 (1.087 ~ 1.953); the limiting factor is whether the two weeks 0.109 (0.063 ~ 0.189), go to the hospital time 0.167 (0.098 ~ 0.287). (3) The odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of the promotion factors of 1-year hospitalization for the disabled elderly are: 1.429 (1.120-1.824) with chronic diseases, 1.500 (1.154-1.951), 1.596 (1.003 ~ 2.541). The degree of disability was 0.641 (0.474-0.867) and the marital status was 0.702 (0.507-0.972). Conclusions Elderly disabled have poor health status and high prevalence of chronic diseases. Relevant community health services, rehabilitation nursing and health promotion should be carried out for disabled elderly people to meet the health service needs of the disabled elders, which is good for improving their health and living standards quality.