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一、第40条人民法院审理第一审民事案件,由审判员、陪审员共同组成合议庭或者由审判员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员人数,必须是单数。适用简易程序审理的民事案件,由审判员一人独任审理。陪审员在执行陪审职务时,与审判员有同等的权利义务。本会建议【陪审制的废除或专业化】:删除第1款中的陪审员和本条第3款。理由:陪审员缺乏专业知识,实践中形同虚设,不仅陪而不审,而且导致合议制在某种程度上褪变为事实上的独任制。不如取消陪审员制度。如果保留该制度,本会建议要求陪审员必须从具备法律大专以上学历或律师资格、司法资格的专业人员中产生。本会建议增加一条[合议庭成员的随机选定]:立案庭应当在答辩期限届满之日起5日内,通知当事人到立案庭并在立案法官的主持下共同随机选定审理案件的合议庭成员。当事人在共同随机选定合议庭成员之前,有权了解相关审判庭备选法官的
Article 40 The people’s court shall try the civil cases of the first instance, and the judges and jurors jointly form a collegial panel or a collegial panel of judges. The number of members of the collegial panel must be singular. The civil cases that apply to the summary proceedings shall be handled by the judges alone. Jurors in the performance of jury duties, and the judges have the same rights and obligations. This Council proposes [abolition or specialization of jury system]: to delete jury members in paragraph 1 and paragraph 3 of this article. Rationale: Jurors lack specialized knowledge and are virtually non-existent in practice, not only without trial but also in some ways destabilizing the collegial system to de facto sole-title. It is better to cancel jury system. If this system is retained, we recommend that jurors be required to produce professionals with legal or legal qualifications and judicial qualifications. This Council proposes the addition of a [random selection of collegiate panel members]: The Court of Appeal shall, within 5 days from the expiration of the period of defense, notify the parties to the Court of Appeal and, jointly with the presiding judge, jointly and randomly select the members of the collegial panel hearing the case. Before parties jointly select the members of the collegial panel at random, the parties have the right to know the candidates of the relevant court