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本文运用阿伦特的“政治”概念重新审视文学和文学理论的政治性,对于长期流行我国文艺学界的文学——政治关系观进行了反思。文章认为把文学的政治性和文学的自主性对立起来的思维定势虽然广泛流行,但却建立在对于“政治”、对文学和政治之关系的狭义理解上,它把特定时期、特定语境——中国极“左”时期——中的“政治”理解为普遍意义上的“政治”,并进而把特定时期、特定语境中的文艺和政治的关系普遍化为文艺和政治的常态关系。而实际上极“左”时期的所谓“政治”指特定的党派政治乃至政策,所谓文艺学的“政治性”实际上是指文学理论的知识生产必须为主流意识形态政策服务,其本质是主流意识形态对于文学理论知识生产所实施的控制。显然,这种特定时空语境中产生的文学理论和政治的关系,并不具有普遍有效性,据此而得出的文学理论自主性和其政治性不能共存的观察同样不具普遍有效性。如果我们像阿伦特那样把政治理解为在公共领域展开的自由平等的言行,那么,一种坚持公共关怀的文学和文学理论必然具有政治性,笼统地否定文学的政治性,或者人为鼓励文学理论研究的非政治化,存在着使文艺学知识非公共化的危险。
This paper uses Arendt ’s concept of politics to reexamine the political nature of literature and literary theory and reflect on the literature - political relation which has long been popular in China’ s literature and art circles. The article holds that the thought of setting the politics of literature and the autonomy of literature albeit widespread, but based on a narrow understanding of the relationship between politics and literature and politics, - “Politics” in China’s “Left” Period is to be understood as “politics” in the universal sense and then to generalize the relationship between literature and art and politics in a given time and context as a normal relationship between art and politics . Actually, the so-called “politics” during the “Left” period refers to specific party politics and even policies. The so-called “political nature” of literary theory actually means that knowledge production of literary theory must serve the mainstream ideological policy and its essence is the mainstream Ideology controls the production of literary theory knowledge. Obviously, the relationship between literary theory and politics in this particular context of time and space is not universally valid. The resulting theoretical independence of literature and the observation that its politics can not coexist are equally ineffective. If we interpret politics as the free and equal words and deeds in the public sphere, as Arendt did, then a literary and literary theory that upholds public concern must have a political, general denial of the political nature of literature, or artificially encourage literature The non-politicization of theoretical research has the danger of non-publicizing the knowledge of literature and art.