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目的了解商洛市商州区某中学风疹、麻疹发病情况,控制风疹、麻疹暴发流行。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法对接触人群开展流行病学调查分析,对风疹、麻疹病例进行个案调查分析及临床和实验室诊断。结果某中学在校学生4 948人,发病53例,发病率为1.07%。其中实验室确诊风疹病例44例,发病率为8.89‰;麻疹病例4例,发病率为0.81‰;其他5例,占发病总数的9.43%。初三(4)班发病最多,22例,占29.33%;最少为初二(1)班,5例,占6.76%,发病班级分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=20.68,P<0.01)。结论冬春季是呼吸道传染病高发季节,加强风疹、麻疹防控,开展学校学生晨午检,发现疑似传染病及时报告处置是控制呼吸道传染病的有效措施。
Objective To understand the incidence of rubella and measles in a middle school in Shangzhou District, Shangluo City, and control the outbreak of rubella and measles. Methods Epidemiological survey was conducted on the exposed population by on-site epidemiological investigation method, case investigation and clinical and laboratory diagnosis of rubella and measles cases were conducted. Results A total of 4 948 students were enrolled in a secondary school, with a morbidity of 53 and a prevalence of 1.07%. Among them, 44 cases of laboratory diagnosis of rubella were found, the incidence rate was 8.89 ‰; 4 cases were measles, the incidence was 0.81 ‰; the other 5 cases accounted for 9.43% of the total. The incidence of the first three classes (4) was the highest, 22 cases (29.33%), the second class (class 1) was the least, and the other 5 cases (6.76%). There was significant difference in the distribution of the disease classes (χ ~ 2 = 20.68, ). Conclusions Winter and spring are the season of respiratory infectious diseases. Strengthening the prevention and control of rubella and measles and carrying out morning check-up of school students, and finding out the suspected infectious diseases and timely report and disposing are the effective measures to control respiratory infectious diseases.