论文部分内容阅读
“as”虽小，但在英语中的使用却是非常广泛的，且它的用法亦是高考考查的重点内容。笔者将结合近几年高考试题，对它的用法作简要剖析归纳，望对同学们有所启发和帮助。
【考点一】as作为关系代词，引导定语从句
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。其具体用法如下：
1.引导限制性定语从句
as在引导限制性定语从句时，常用于以下句式：
(1)such+名词+as… 意为“像…一样的”,“像…之类”
(2) the same + 名词+as… 意为 “和…同样的”
例如:They are facing the same problem as we did the year before last year.
他们正面对前年我们所碰到的相同问题。
I have never heard such terrible stories as he tells.
我从未听到过如他讲的那么可怕的故事。
[例] He is such a lazy man _____ nobody wants to work with ____.(2006年成都卷)
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
［解析］答案为C,先行词用such来修饰时，关系代词只用as; as又在定语从句中作work with的宾语，故第 二个空不能再用him。
There at the door stood a girl about the same height_____. （2004年北京春季卷）
A. as meB. as mine
C. with mine D. with me
［解析］the same …as是“和…一样”，根据句意，比较的对象是人的高度，故答案为B。
2.引导非限制性定语从句
as 在引导非限制性定语从句时，其关系代词为整个句子，as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，可意为“正如…”“这一点”“那一情况，像….一样”。as引导非限制性定语从句时位置灵活,放在主句的前后均可。as意为“正如…”时，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等，常见的结构有：as is known, as is said/ reported/ announced/ expected, as we hope, as is often the case (情况经常这样)。
例如：As we all know，Luxun is a famous writer.
As is reported, the two sides reached an agreement.
She couldn’t come to the party, as/ which was pity.
[例] ①_________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (2005年浙江卷)
A. whenB. After C. As D. Since
②______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004年北京卷)
A. It B. AsC. That D. What
［解析］：①题答案为C,意为“正如我在电话里解释的那样”； ②题答案为B意为，“正如报纸上所报道的那样”。
★【温馨提示】
as引导的定语从句与it作形式主语的主语从句的区别，试比较：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
[例]It is known to all that ______ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health. (2005年重庆卷)
A. unlessB. wheneverC. although D. if
［解析］A.该句我们还可以转换为as 引导的一个定语从句：
As is known to all, unless you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
【考点二】as作为连词，引导状语从句
as 常用来引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句等，其具体用法如下：
1.as引导时间状语从句
[例] ______ time went on, his theory proved to be corrected.
A. When B. ThatC. As D. Until
［解析］此题考查as引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”或者“随着……”,句意为“随着时间的流逝，他的理论被证明是正确的”，故应选择C。
2.as引导原因状语从句
[例]Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ________ this was memory she especially treasured. （2006年广东卷）
A. as B ifC. when D. where
［解析］此题考查as引导的原因状语从句，句意为“因为这是詹妮尤其珍视的一段记忆”，故答案为A。
3.as引导比较状语从句
（1）在as…as引导的从句中常考查的结构为：as+ adj./adv. + n. + as或n.+ as + adj./ adv. + as.
[例]Our neighbor has ___ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. a house the same big as
［解析］答案为B，考查as + adj. + a/an + n. +as结构。
（2）as用于表示倍数的句型中：A + is +倍数+ as +
形容词原级 + as；
[例]John is the tallest boy in the class, _________
according to himself. (2005年安徽卷)
A. five foot eight as tall as
B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight as
D. as tall five foot eight as
［解析］答案A，考查as 用于倍数的句型。
4.as 引导方式状语从句
[例]Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _____ directed.
A. like B. so C.which D.as
［解析］答案是D。全句的意思是：“周密的调查已经表明：多达百分之五十的病人没有按照医嘱服药”。as引导的方式状语从句中，常常会省略一部分。句中“…take drugs as directed”相当于“…take drugs as they are directed”.
5.as引导让步状语从句
[例]①______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. （2007年重庆卷）
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
②______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （2005年重庆卷）
A. A quiet students as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
③_____， I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A．As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
④_____, Carolina couldn’t get the door open. （2005年广东卷）
A. Try as she might
B. As she might try
C. She might as try
D. Might she as try
［解析］答案为D、B、C、A，均考查as引导的让步状语从句的用法，此时，从句常用倒装语序。
★[温馨提示]
as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语或主要动词应置于句首；若表语是名词，则该名词无冠词修饰，高考常考查点多见于以下结构中：adj. / n.(不带冠词)+ as +主语＋连系动词; adv. / v. + as +主语＋谓语动词。
【考点三】 as作介词,译为”作为，充当，担任”
[考例]I feel that one of my main duties ____ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.
A. forB. byC. asD. with
［解析］此题考查as作为介词的用法，as a teacher意为“作为一名教师”，故答案为C。
【考点四】由as构成的从属连词，用来引导状语从句
（1）as long as意思为”只要”，用来引导条件状语从句。
[例] ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even thoughB. Unless
C. As long as D While
［解析］答案为C，句意为“只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会再担忧了”。
（2） as if (thought)意思为“仿佛……似的，好像……似的”，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气。
[例] Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _______ yesterday. (2006年全国II卷)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happenedD. happened
［解析］答案为D，句意为“仿佛昨天发生似的”，故用happened.
（3）as soon as意为“一…就…”,用来引导时间状语从句。
[例]The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ____.
A. will arriveB. arrives
C. is arrivingD. is going to arrive
［解析］答案为 B, as soon as引导的时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示将来意义。
（4）so as to “为了…”,用来引导目的状语从句。
[例]All these gifts must be mailed immediately
____ in time for Christmas. （2005年辽宁卷）
A. in order to have received
B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received
D. so as to be receiving
［解析］句意为“为了能够及时被收到”，又由语态可知，答案为C。
【考点五】as构成的一些常用短语
[例] ______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A. As long as B. As far as
C. Just as D. Even if
［解析］答案B，考查“据我所……”短语。
此外，在英语学习中我们还会经常遇到以下短语：as a matter of fact事实上,其实; as a result结果,终于,因此; as a result(或consequence)of…作为……结果,由于……结果； as a rule作为一个常规,通常,习以为常;as a whole作为一个整体(来看)；as above如上;as…as ever像往常一样; as…as possible尽可能地……; as before; as early as…早在……; as follows如下; as for (或as to)至于,讲到,关于;as good as跟……一样,几乎等;as it is (was)①在句首,“但在实际上”;②在句末,“照原来样子” ; as many…as 如……一般多……; as matters stand按目前情况来说;as usual照例,照常; as well又,也,同样; as well as和……一样,不但……而且……由此可见，as虽小，用法很多。
【考点一】as作为关系代词，引导定语从句
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。其具体用法如下：
1.引导限制性定语从句
as在引导限制性定语从句时，常用于以下句式：
(1)such+名词+as… 意为“像…一样的”,“像…之类”
(2) the same + 名词+as… 意为 “和…同样的”
例如:They are facing the same problem as we did the year before last year.
他们正面对前年我们所碰到的相同问题。
I have never heard such terrible stories as he tells.
我从未听到过如他讲的那么可怕的故事。
[例] He is such a lazy man _____ nobody wants to work with ____.(2006年成都卷)
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
［解析］答案为C,先行词用such来修饰时，关系代词只用as; as又在定语从句中作work with的宾语，故第 二个空不能再用him。
There at the door stood a girl about the same height_____. （2004年北京春季卷）
A. as meB. as mine
C. with mine D. with me
［解析］the same …as是“和…一样”，根据句意，比较的对象是人的高度，故答案为B。
2.引导非限制性定语从句
as 在引导非限制性定语从句时，其关系代词为整个句子，as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，可意为“正如…”“这一点”“那一情况，像….一样”。as引导非限制性定语从句时位置灵活,放在主句的前后均可。as意为“正如…”时，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等，常见的结构有：as is known, as is said/ reported/ announced/ expected, as we hope, as is often the case (情况经常这样)。
例如：As we all know，Luxun is a famous writer.
As is reported, the two sides reached an agreement.
She couldn’t come to the party, as/ which was pity.
[例] ①_________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (2005年浙江卷)
A. whenB. After C. As D. Since
②______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004年北京卷)
A. It B. AsC. That D. What
［解析］：①题答案为C,意为“正如我在电话里解释的那样”； ②题答案为B意为，“正如报纸上所报道的那样”。
★【温馨提示】
as引导的定语从句与it作形式主语的主语从句的区别，试比较：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
[例]It is known to all that ______ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health. (2005年重庆卷)
A. unlessB. wheneverC. although D. if
［解析］A.该句我们还可以转换为as 引导的一个定语从句：
As is known to all, unless you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
【考点二】as作为连词，引导状语从句
as 常用来引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句等，其具体用法如下：
1.as引导时间状语从句
[例] ______ time went on, his theory proved to be corrected.
A. When B. ThatC. As D. Until
［解析］此题考查as引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”或者“随着……”,句意为“随着时间的流逝，他的理论被证明是正确的”，故应选择C。
2.as引导原因状语从句
[例]Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ________ this was memory she especially treasured. （2006年广东卷）
A. as B ifC. when D. where
［解析］此题考查as引导的原因状语从句，句意为“因为这是詹妮尤其珍视的一段记忆”，故答案为A。
3.as引导比较状语从句
（1）在as…as引导的从句中常考查的结构为：as+ adj./adv. + n. + as或n.+ as + adj./ adv. + as.
[例]Our neighbor has ___ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. a house the same big as
［解析］答案为B，考查as + adj. + a/an + n. +as结构。
（2）as用于表示倍数的句型中：A + is +倍数+ as +
形容词原级 + as；
[例]John is the tallest boy in the class, _________
according to himself. (2005年安徽卷)
A. five foot eight as tall as
B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight as
D. as tall five foot eight as
［解析］答案A，考查as 用于倍数的句型。
4.as 引导方式状语从句
[例]Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _____ directed.
A. like B. so C.which D.as
［解析］答案是D。全句的意思是：“周密的调查已经表明：多达百分之五十的病人没有按照医嘱服药”。as引导的方式状语从句中，常常会省略一部分。句中“…take drugs as directed”相当于“…take drugs as they are directed”.
5.as引导让步状语从句
[例]①______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. （2007年重庆卷）
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
②______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （2005年重庆卷）
A. A quiet students as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
③_____， I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A．As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
④_____, Carolina couldn’t get the door open. （2005年广东卷）
A. Try as she might
B. As she might try
C. She might as try
D. Might she as try
［解析］答案为D、B、C、A，均考查as引导的让步状语从句的用法，此时，从句常用倒装语序。
★[温馨提示]
as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语或主要动词应置于句首；若表语是名词，则该名词无冠词修饰，高考常考查点多见于以下结构中：adj. / n.(不带冠词)+ as +主语＋连系动词; adv. / v. + as +主语＋谓语动词。
【考点三】 as作介词,译为”作为，充当，担任”
[考例]I feel that one of my main duties ____ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.
A. forB. byC. asD. with
［解析］此题考查as作为介词的用法，as a teacher意为“作为一名教师”，故答案为C。
【考点四】由as构成的从属连词，用来引导状语从句
（1）as long as意思为”只要”，用来引导条件状语从句。
[例] ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even thoughB. Unless
C. As long as D While
［解析］答案为C，句意为“只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会再担忧了”。
（2） as if (thought)意思为“仿佛……似的，好像……似的”，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气。
[例] Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _______ yesterday. (2006年全国II卷)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happenedD. happened
［解析］答案为D，句意为“仿佛昨天发生似的”，故用happened.
（3）as soon as意为“一…就…”,用来引导时间状语从句。
[例]The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ____.
A. will arriveB. arrives
C. is arrivingD. is going to arrive
［解析］答案为 B, as soon as引导的时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示将来意义。
（4）so as to “为了…”,用来引导目的状语从句。
[例]All these gifts must be mailed immediately
____ in time for Christmas. （2005年辽宁卷）
A. in order to have received
B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received
D. so as to be receiving
［解析］句意为“为了能够及时被收到”，又由语态可知，答案为C。
【考点五】as构成的一些常用短语
[例] ______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A. As long as B. As far as
C. Just as D. Even if
［解析］答案B，考查“据我所……”短语。
此外，在英语学习中我们还会经常遇到以下短语：as a matter of fact事实上,其实; as a result结果,终于,因此; as a result(或consequence)of…作为……结果,由于……结果； as a rule作为一个常规,通常,习以为常;as a whole作为一个整体(来看)；as above如上;as…as ever像往常一样; as…as possible尽可能地……; as before; as early as…早在……; as follows如下; as for (或as to)至于,讲到,关于;as good as跟……一样,几乎等;as it is (was)①在句首,“但在实际上”;②在句末,“照原来样子” ; as many…as 如……一般多……; as matters stand按目前情况来说;as usual照例,照常; as well又,也,同样; as well as和……一样,不但……而且……由此可见，as虽小，用法很多。