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目的探讨超早产儿并发症的发生情况及干预措施,为降低其死亡率提供帮助。方法选择我院新生儿重症监护病房2008—2012年收治的超早产儿(胎龄<28周),按出生体重分为<1000 g和1000~1499 g两组,对两组早产儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果超早产儿产生的主要原因为胎膜早破、不明原因早产、多胎妊娠、前置胎盘伴出血等。所有超早产儿均有一种以上并发症,其中新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征112例(82.9%),窒息91例(67.4%),呼吸暂停72例(53.3%),肺炎61例(45.2%),败血症48例(35.6%),颅内出血35例(25.9%),动脉导管未闭29例(21.5%)。体重<1000 g组新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症及血糖紊乱发生率均高于体重1000~1499 g组(P<0.05)。本组超早产儿体重<1000 g 68例,治愈率60.3%;1000~1499 g67例,治愈率76.1%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、重度窒息、重症感染是超早产儿死亡的主要原因。结论早发现并治疗并发症,早期干预,可降低超早产儿的死亡率,提高其生存质量。
Objective To investigate the occurrence and intervention of complications of premature infants, and to help reduce their mortality. Methods Preterm infants (gestational age <28 weeks) admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital from 2008 to 2012 were divided into two groups according to their birth weight of <1000 g and 1000 ~ 1499 g. The clinical data of two groups of preterm infants Retrospective analysis. Results The main causes of premature premature rupture of membranes, unexplained premature delivery, multiple pregnancy, placenta previa bleeding. All of the preterm infants had more than one complication, of which 112 (82.9%) were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, 91 (67.4%) were apnea, 72 (53.3%) were apnea, 61 (45.2%) were pneumonia, Septicemia in 48 cases (35.6%), intracranial hemorrhage in 35 cases (25.9%), patent ductus arteriosus in 29 cases (21.5%). Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and the incidence of blood glucose disorders were higher than those of body weight of 1000 ~ 1499 g (P <0.05). The group of ultra-premature infants weighing <1000g 68 cases, the cure rate was 60.3%; 1000 ~ 1499g67 cases, the cure rate was 76.1%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, severe asphyxia, severe infection is the leading cause of premature death. Conclusion Early detection and treatment of complications, early intervention, can reduce the mortality of premature children, improve their quality of life.