近年来肺炎支原体感染呈上升趋势,多发生在2～15岁的小儿。多有不规则的发热,咳嗽频繁,无或少有肺部体征,白细胞不高或稍高,出现临床症状和体征轻微与X线所见相矛盾的现象,这就形成了误诊、误治的基础。遇有类似情况,临床医师应当考虑有肺炎支原体感染的可能性,进一步做胸部X线检查,有条件的做肺炎支原体的实验室检查,以便进行适宜的治疗。现将几年来我们误诊、误治的经验教训介绍如下: In recent years, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is on the rise, mostly in children aged 2 to 15 years. More irregular fever, frequent cough, no or few signs of the lungs, white blood cells is not high or slightly higher, there are signs of clinical symptoms and signs of a slight and X-ray findings contradictory phenomenon, which formed a misdiagnosis, mistreatment basis. In a similar situation, clinicians should consider the possibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, further chest X-ray examination, the conditional Mycoplasma pneumoniae laboratory tests for the appropriate treatment. Now, over the past few years, we misdiagnosed and mistaken lessons learned as follows: