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目的了解纳西族中小学生体质健康现状及其与体育锻炼行为的关系,为更好地开展青少年体质健康提供参考。方法对云南丽江市2 636名纳西族中小学生进行体质测查,参照《国家学生体质健康标准》评价学生的体质水平,并分析纳西族中小学生体质与体育锻炼行为的关系。结果 7~18岁纳西族学生体质优秀率为3.1%,良好率为17.5%,及格率为65.6%,不及格率为13.9%。男、女生体质得分随学段升高均呈下降趋势(F值分别为28.133,11.727,P值均<0.01)。男生(71.44±11.22)体质得分高于女生(70.48±10.29),差异有统计学意义(t=2.268,P<0.05)。不同年校运会次数、每周体育课节数、体育课喜好、长跑意愿和每天体育锻炼时间学生体质得分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为8.090,13.328,4.289,10.236,4.421,P值均<0.01)。结论纳西族中小学生体质现状喜忧参半。建议纳西族学生体质促进应注重学段和性别差异,确保体育活动时间,引导学生树立积极的体育锻炼态度。
Objective To understand the status quo of physical health of primary and middle school students in Naxi ethnic minority and their relationship with physical exercise behaviors, so as to provide a reference for better physical health of adolescents. Methods A total of 2 636 Naxi primary and secondary school students in Lijiang City of Yunnan Province were subjected to physical examination. The physical fitness level of the students was evaluated according to the National Students’ Constitutional Health Criteria. The relationship between physical fitness and physical activity of the Naxi minority primary and secondary school students was also analyzed. Results The fitness rate of Naxi students aged 7-18 years was 3.1%, the good rate was 17.5%, the pass rate was 65.6% and the failure rate was 13.9%. The physical scores of boys and girls decreased with the rising of the academic year (F = 28.133 and 11.727, P <0.01 respectively). The male body score (71.44 ± 11.22) was higher than that of female students (70.48 ± 10.29), the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.268, P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the number of gymnastics games per week, the number of PE lessons per week, the preferences of PE lessons, the long-distance desires and the daily physical activity time (F = 8.090,13.328,4.289,10.236,4.421, P Value <0.01). Conclusion Naxi primary and secondary school students are mixed in their physique. It is suggested that the physical fitness promotion of Naxi students should pay attention to the differences of study period and gender, ensure the time of physical activity and guide the students to establish a positive attitude toward physical exercise.