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目的探讨红河州鼠疫流行病学特点,为鼠疫防治工作提供科学依据。方法对1996-2005年红河州鼠疫监测资料、鼠疫疫区流行病学调查报告、个案调查报告和鼠疫防治工作总结进行统计和流行病学分析。结果红河州1996-2005年共有9个县(市)46个乡(镇)166个自然村发生动物鼠疫流行,有8个县(市)37个乡(镇)113个自然村发生人间鼠疫流行,鼠疫流行呈现出明显的持续性和季节性。发病人数196人,病例均为腺鼠疫,男女均可感染,无明显性别差异,发病年龄0~40岁居多(63.78%),以学生和青壮年为主,农民患者最多,流行区域主要为山区。动物宿主中检出鼠疫菌150株,黄胸鼠检出鼠疫菌122株(81.33%),动物媒介体外寄生虫检出鼠疫菌5株,印鼠客蚤检出鼠疫菌4株(80%),证实了黄胸鼠和印鼠客蚤在红河州家鼠鼠疫自然疫源地内的主要宿主和主要媒介地位。结论红河州鼠疫流行形式严重,应该结合流行病学特征,采取有效措施防控鼠疫的发生和流行。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of plague in Honghe Prefecture and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague. Methods Statistics and epidemiological analysis were conducted on the epidemiological data of plague in Honghe Prefecture from 1996 to 2005, the epidemiological investigation of plague epidemic area, the case investigation report and the prevention and treatment of plague. Results In 1996-2005, a total of 166 natural villages in 46 townships (towns) of 9 counties (cities) in Honghe Prefecture were plague. Plague prevalence occurred in 113 natural villages in 37 townships of 8 counties (cities) Pop showed a clear continuity and seasonal. The incidence of 196 cases, all cases of bubonic plague, both men and women can be infected, no significant gender differences, the age of onset of mostly 0 to 40 years old (63.78%), mainly students and young adults, farmers most patients, the prevalence area is mainly mountain . In the animal host, 150 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected, 122 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected in Rattus flavipectus (81.33%), 5 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected in animal ectoparasites, 4 strains (80%) of Yersinia pestis were detected, , Confirmed the main host and main media position of Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus in the natural foci of the house rat plague in Honghe Prefecture. Conclusion The prevalence of plague in Honghe Prefecture is serious. Combining epidemiological characteristics, effective measures should be taken to control the occurrence and prevalence of plague.