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自1861年英国R.开卢科作光譜分析得到奇异綠色譜线而发現铊后,目前它已广泛地被用于光电管、光电阻、光晶体、化学工业(催化剂)冶金工业(易熔合金,軸承合金)、照明技术等方面,为现代工业急需的金属之一。铊为淡蓝灰色、白色金属,是周期表第三族偶数纵行的最后一个元素,原子序数81,原子量=204.39,外层有18个电子。铊有两个稳定的同位素:Tl~(230)(占29.46)及Tl_(205)(占70.54％)。它在高温下成体心立方体,結构稳定,在低溫下成密排六方体,結构稳定。在自然界內一价铊較三价铊稳定。铊在地壳內的含量为:3×10~(-4)％(据維納格拉多夫)。
Since Thallium was discovered by the spectral analysis of the singular green spectrum by R. R. Luke in 1861, at present it has been widely used in the field of photomultiplier, photoresistor, photonic crystal, chemical industry (catalyst) metallurgy industry Alloy, bearing alloy), lighting technology, etc., one of the metals desperately needed by the modern industry. Thallium is light blue-gray, white metal, the last element of the even-numbered third group of the periodic table, with an atomic number of 81, an atomic weight of 204.39, and 18 outer electrons. Thallium has two stable isotopes: Tl ~ (230) (accounting for 29.46) and Tl_ (205) (accounting for 70.54%). It is a body-centered cubic at high temperatures, with a structurally stable, hexagonal structure at low temperatures, with a structurally stable structure. In nature, a price of thallium than trivalent thallium stability. The content of thallium in the earth’s crust is: 3 × 10 -4% (according to Vina Gradov).