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一个弹塑性材料裂纹试样的沿加载线的性移Δ在弹性范围之外可分成两部分:弹性部分Δe1和塑性部分Δp。本文报道了对Δp和外加载荷P之间关系的有限元计算和实验研究结果。计算和实验均表明Δp和P之间存在着指数律关系,即是ΔP～P~m。当简单加载条件满足时,指数m应该与材料在大应变条件下的应变硬化指数的倒数相当。然而,有限元计算表明,m值依赖于试样的类型,不是材料的常数。 指数律关系Δp～P~m为估算裂纹稳态扩展过程中任一时刻的裂纹长度以及确定裂纹扩展起始点提供了一种解析的方法。
The elastic shift Δ along the load line of a cracked specimen of elastoplastic material can be divided into two parts outside the elastic range: the elastic part Δe1 and the plastic part Δp. In this paper, the finite element calculation and experimental results on the relationship between Δp and applied load P are reported. Calculations and experiments show that there is a exponential relationship between Δp and P, which is ΔP ~ P ~ m. When the simple loading condition is satisfied, the index m should be equal to the inverse of the strain hardening index of the material under large strain conditions. However, the finite element calculation shows that the value of m depends on the type of specimen and not on the material constants. The exponential law of relationship Δp ~ P ~ m provides an analytical method for estimating the crack length at any time during steady-state crack propagation and for determining the crack initiation point.