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不当起诉不仅会严重破坏公民的正常生活,而且会使国家的政治秩序、社会秩序和经济秩序陷于混乱。为了防止公诉权滥用,保障犯罪嫌疑人免受不当起诉,提起公诉必须具有足够的证据证明犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌指控的犯罪。“仅有嫌疑不足以授权国家超越自然权利干涉公民的生活,将他们送交审判。”而且,“没有社会能够忍受一个如此无情的法定起诉原则:无论指控证据多么薄弱,检察官都需要对每一个案件提起公诉。”这就提出了如何构建提起公诉的证据标准(以下简称“公诉证据标准”)的问题。近年来,不少学者对我国公诉证据标准进行了深刻而卓有见地的反思,学界对维持还是降低我国公诉证据标准的证明程度产生争议。但对国外(特别是日本)的公诉证据标准还存在误识,对各国公诉证据标准的决定因素缺乏基于刑事诉讼体系的系统化考察。笔者希望能借此方法,在充分解释各国公诉证据标准成因的基础上,解释、论证我国的公诉证据标准。
Improper prosecutions not only seriously undermine the normal life of citizens, but also cause the country’s political order, social order and economic order to be disrupted. In order to prevent the abuse of public prosecution, to protect the suspect from improper prosecution, prosecution must have enough evidence to prove the criminal suspects suspected of allegations. “Only suspicion is not enough to authorize states to intervene in the civil life beyond their natural rights and to bring them to trial.” And, “No society can stand the rule of such a heartless legal prosecution: Prosecutors, no matter how weak the evidence, One case filed a public prosecution. ”This raises the question of how to set up the standard of evidence for the prosecution (hereinafter referred to as“ the standard of prosecutorial evidence ”). In recent years, many scholars have conducted profound and insightful reflections on the standard of evidence in our country. There is controversy in the academic community about how to maintain or reduce the standard of evidence in our country. However, there are still some misunderstandings about the standard of evidence of prosecution in foreign countries (especially in Japan). The determinants of the standard of evidential evidence in various countries lacks systematic investigation based on criminal procedure system. The author hopes to use this method to explain and prove the standard of evidence in our country on the basis of fully explaining the causes of the standard of evidence in all countries.