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在市场化改革深入推进过程中,我国传统的小规模农业经营已经不能适应社会化大生产的要求,农业生产越来越体现出一体化、产业化的生产经营态势,农业发展进入供应链竞争时代。然而,由于在整个供应链中处于相对弱势地位,小农户更难应对融入供应链可能带来的各种风险。实证研究表明:连片特困地区农户融入农产品供应链发展的风险大小排序依次为:需求风险>供应风险>经营风险>环境风险。其中,市场需求变化风险、农产品市场价格波动风险、与下游组织的合作风险、农产品质量安全问题、农户获取信息能力和供应商订单履约率等是农户融入农产品供应链发展面临的主要风险因素。提高连片特困地区农户融入农产品供应链风险抵御能力,需要政府、农业龙头企业、农产品行业协会、农民专业合作社和农户的共同努力。
In the process of further marketization reform, the traditional small-scale agricultural operation in our country can no longer meet the requirements of socialized large-scale production. The agricultural production increasingly reflects the trend of integrated and industrialized production and management. The agricultural development has entered the era of supply chain competition . However, due to the relative disadvantage of the entire supply chain, it is more difficult for small-scale farmers to deal with the various risks that may arise from their integration into the supply chain. The empirical research shows that the order of the risks of the peasants in the contiguous destitute areas into the development of agricultural products supply chain is as follows: demand risk, supply risk, management risk, environmental risk. Among them, the risk of market demand changes, market price fluctuations of agricultural products, cooperation risks with downstream organizations, agricultural product quality and safety issues, farmers ’access to information and supplier order fulfillment rates are the main risk factors for farmers’ integration into the agricultural supply chain. To improve the farmers’ ability to resist risks in the supply chain of poor agricultural products in the contiguous destitute areas requires the joint efforts of the government, agricultural leading enterprises, agro-industry associations, farmer cooperatives and farmers.