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银杏大蚕蛾Caligula japonica是亚洲东部的特有种,既是一种重要的林业害虫,也是一种珍贵的野生蚕类资源。为了揭示银杏大蚕蛾地理种群间的内在联系,测定了我国分布的12个地理种群的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶C亚基I(COI)基因部分序列(GenBank登录号:FJ358506-FJ358517),对地理种群间的序列变异和遗传分化进行了分析。结果表明:银杏大蚕蛾地理种群间的COI序列同源性高达99%~100%,显示出比较小的遗传差异。序列对准后从供试COI序列中仅鉴定出9个变异位点和6个单元型,其中3种是共享单元型。系统发育分析结果表明种群间已经按地理位置形成了一定的地理格局,AMOVA分析显示北方组和南方组之间已经具有明显的遗传分化(FST=0.478,P<0.001)。综合分析,我们认为北方组和南方组之间的遗传分化可能与差异巨大的生态条件有关。研究结果为银杏大蚕蛾的种群遗传学和生态学研究提供了一个基本的分子生物学线索。
Caligula japonica is a endemic species in eastern Asia that is both an important forest pest and a precious source of wild silkworms. In order to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the geographical populations of M. gossypii, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase C subunit I (COI) gene partial sequences (GenBank accession number: FJ358506-FJ358517) of 12 geographic populations in China were determined, Sequence variation and genetic differentiation were analyzed. The results showed that the homology of the COI sequences among the populations of M. gossypii was as high as 99% -100%, indicating a relatively small genetic difference. After sequence alignment, only 9 mutation sites and 6 haplotypes were identified from the COI sequences tested, of which 3 were shared haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the geographical distribution of the populations had been formed according to geographical locations. The AMOVA analysis showed that there was a significant genetic differentiation between northern and southern groups (FST = 0.478, P <0.001). Based on a comprehensive analysis, we think that the genetic differentiation between northern and southern groups may be related to the huge ecological conditions. The results provide a basic clues of molecular biology for population genetics and ecology of the giant silk moth.