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采用裂裂区设计,以强筋小麦临优145、临汾138、临优2069和中筋小麦临优2018、临汾139为供试材料,研究了播期和种植密度对小麦产量及灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,小麦基因型对产量性状影响不明显,但播期和种植密度有一定的调控效应。主茎分蘖成穗并重型品种临优145和临优2018最佳播期10月3日、最佳种植密度分别为318.16万/hm2和313.77万/hm2;主茎成穗为主型品种临汾138最佳播期10月1日、最佳种植密度375.00万/hm2.3个品种的最高产量分别达到了7573.43kg/hm2、8202.52kg/hm2和8390.34kg/hm2。对小麦产量影响的作用力为:播期>基因型>种植密度。本试验条件下,小麦的灌浆进程符合一元三次方程,分别呈“慢、快、慢”的“S”型变化;随播期推迟,小麦的最高千粒重、最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率及起始生长势提高,灌浆持续期和有效灌浆持续期延长,产量呈先升高后降低;种植密度对小麦的灌浆速率影响较大,而对灌浆持续期影响较小。相关分析表明,灌浆速率与千粒重极显著正相关,临优145有效灌浆持续期与千粒重显著正相关,而临优2018有效灌浆持续期与千粒重间相关性不显著。
The cracking area was used to study the effects of sowing date and planting density on the yield and grain filling characteristics of wheat with Linjin 145, Linfen 138, Linyou 2069 and middle gluten wheat Linyou 2018 and Linfen 139 as tested materials. The results showed that wheat genotype had no obvious effect on yield traits, but the sowing date and planting density had a certain regulatory effect. The optimum planting density of the main stems with tillering panicles of both panicle type and heavy type Linyou 145 and Linyou 2018 on October 3 was 3.1816 million / hm2 and 3.1377 million / hm2, respectively. The main culm type was Linfen 138 The best sowing date on October 1, the best planting density of 3.75 million / hm2.3 highest yield reached 7573.43kg / hm2, 8202.52kg / hm2 and 8390.34kg / hm2. The effect on wheat yield is as follows: sowing date> genotype> planting density. Under the experimental conditions, the grain filling process of wheat accorded with the equation of one cubic and three times, which showed “S” shape change of “slow, fast and slow”, respectively. With the delay of sowing date, the maximum grain weight, the maximum filling rate, The growth rate and initial growth potential increased, the duration of filling and the duration of effective grain filling prolonged, and the yield increased firstly and then decreased. The planting density had a great influence on the filling rate of wheat and had little effect on the duration of filling. Correlation analysis showed that grain filling rate was significantly and positively correlated with 1000-grain weight. The duration of effective grain filling of Linyou 145 was significantly and positively correlated with 1000-grain weight. However, the correlation between the effective grain filling duration and 1000-grain weight of Linyou 2018 was not significant.