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佝偻病是我国四大常见病之一,新生儿时期佝偻病称为先天性佝偻病,婴幼儿时期佝偻病称为少儿佝偻病,部分小儿佝偻病有可能是先天性佝偻病的延续,年长儿的佝偻病称为迟发性佝偻病。三种不同类型的佝偻病,其病因都是由于缺少维生素D而引起。三者之间除了年龄分布不同,临床表现、骨骼损害等不完全一致以外,其共同特点是血清钙、磷降低,碱性磷酸酶升高。家长们往往只注意小儿佝偻病,而很少注意或甚至忽视先天性和迟发性佝偻病的发生,以致延误治疗,造成不良后果。在防治方面,为防治少儿佝偻病,应由防治围产胎儿和围产新生儿做起,妊娠后期出现低钙症状的孕妇,应视为预防先天性佝偻病的重点对象,出现低钙表现的儿童应视为预防迟发性佝偻病的对象,这些都应引起家长的重视。
Rickets is one of the four common diseases in our country. The rickets in the neonatal period is called congenital rickets. Rickets in infants and young children is called childhood rickets. Some rickets in children may be the continuation of congenital rickets. The rickets in older children is called delayed Sexual rickets. Three different types of rickets, the cause are due to the lack of vitamin D caused. In addition to the three age distribution, clinical manifestations, bone damage, etc. are not exactly the same, the common feature is the serum calcium and phosphorus decreased alkaline phosphatase increased. Parents tend to pay attention only to pediatric rickets, and seldom pay attention or even ignore the occurrence of congenital and delayed rickets, resulting in delays in treatment, resulting in adverse consequences. In the prevention and treatment, in order to prevent rickets in children, should be started by the prevention and treatment of perinatal fetus and perinatal newborns, pregnant women with symptoms of hypocalcemia in late pregnancy should be considered as the focus of prevention of congenital rickets, children with low calcium performance should As the object of prevention of delayed rickets, these should cause parents’ attention.