本文回顾了张之洞继承和发展儒家思想，回应西方文化冲击及对中华现代化的贡献，以此个案探讨了儒家思想与中华现代化的辩证关系。认为张之洞提出“东学为体，西学为用”论以折衷新旧，融和东西文化，在当时形势下，不失为补弊起废、曲折地继续改革的权宜良策。指出“中体西用”论具有固本、变通、自强、御侮的性质，它是从救亡御侮的实践中摸索得来；张之洞的主张是中和的，具有强烈的融合中西学术之意识；他根据“中体西用”精神，推展新式教育，从事工业建设，把它实现于教育和实业改革中；他主张利用西方的科技、资金和人材，亦合乎振兴中国工业之目的。最后提出，盲目西化是经济发展落后国家的通病，而张氏主张学习西方，又坚持不损害固有伦理道德，更不可有违自主权益，贯彻中体西用的原则以追求工业化，此一方向是正确的 This article reviews Zhang Zhidong’s succession and development of Confucianism, its response to the impact of Western culture and its contribution to China’s modernization. This paper explores the dialectical relationship between Confucianism and the modernization of China. In his opinion, Zhang Zhidong proposed the theory of “East Learning as the Body and Western Learning as the Use” in order to compromise the old and the new, and to integrate East and West cultures. Under the prevailing circumstances, Zhang Zhidong would be a good and appropriate policy for continuing to carry out reforms in a tortuous manner. It points out that the theory of “solid body and western body” has the characteristics of strengthening, adapting, self-strengthening and impending humiliation. It is derived from the practice of saving the nation and the defense of the nation; Zhang Zhidong’s assertion is neutral and has a strong fusion of Chinese and Western academic consciousness He promoted the new education in accordance with the spirit of “adopting the policy of” adopting the policy of “building a western body and using the West as a vehicle” to carry out industrial construction and realize it in education and industrial reform. He advocated the use of Western science and technology, capital and personnel for the purpose of rejuvenating Chinese industry. Finally, it is suggested that blind westernization is a common problem in the economically underdeveloped countries. While Zhang advocates learning from the West and insists on not infringing on inherent ethics, not to disobey the autonomy of rights and interests, correct