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大科学时代,科学数据是具有重要价值的战略性资源,加强科学数据共享是提高科技投资效率、提升创新能力的重要手段,然而科学数据共享过程中面临着一些困境。文章首先对科学数据共享相关概念进行清晰界定,从经济学基础和法理基础两个方面,分析科学数据共享的内在逻辑机理。系统比较了美国NSF和NIH在科学数据共享的理念、内容和方式等方面差异,深度剖析了其在科学数据共享方面面临的困境及其解决方案,结合国家自然科学基金在科学数据共享方面的实践进展,提出了完善我国科学数据共享的对策建议。
In the era of great science, scientific data is a strategic resource of great value. Enhancing scientific data sharing is an important means to improve investment efficiency and innovation capability of science and technology. However, there are some difficulties in the process of scientific data sharing. Firstly, the article clearly defines the related concepts of scientific data sharing and analyzes the internal logical mechanism of scientific data sharing from the two aspects of economics and jurisprudence. The differences between the NSF and NIH in the concept, content and mode of scientific data sharing between the United States and the United States are analyzed systematically, and the predicaments and their solutions to the scientific data sharing are analyzed in depth. Combined with the practice of NSFC in the scientific data sharing Progress, proposed countermeasures and suggestions to improve China's scientific data sharing.