图式是现代认知心理学的核心概念之一,目前在有关问题解决的研究中已屡屡出现.对于物理学习者来说,图式对物理问题解决具有重要的作用.本文在阐述图式与物理问题解决关系的基础上,结合学生问题解决过程的实验探索,提出了有利于问题解决的良构图式的概念,讨论了影响良构图式建构的一些因素. Schema is one of the core concepts of modern cognitive psychology, and it has appeared frequently in the research on problem-solving.For the physics learners, the schema plays an important role in solving the physical problem.This paper elaborates the relationship between schemata and On the basis of solving the relationship between the physical problems and the experimental exploration of the students’ problem solving process, this paper puts forward the concept of a good model which is good for problem solving and discusses some factors that affect the construction of a good model.