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目的了解禽流感职业暴露人群抗体水平与不同场所外环境分布状况,为作好禽流感防控提供依据。方法2011年先从十堰地区不同场所采集职业暴露人群血清200份,同时完成200份调查问卷,并按季度采集234份外环境标本;后用两种抗原进行血凝抑制实验(HI)与Real-time PCR方法进行检测,最后使用Epidata与SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果血清标本全部为阴性;外环境标本阳性率为21.37%,其中城乡活禽农贸市场检出率64%;大型家禽屠宰加工厂42.5%,野生候鸟栖息地1.96%,家庭规模养殖场与家庭散养户集中的地区未检出,不同场所检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=54.734,P<0.05),采样时间对检出率没有影响(χ2=2.837,P>0.05)。结论不同场所的外环境禽流感分布不同,职业暴露人群抗体水平较低,需要重点防护的人群为城乡活禽农贸市场与大型家禽屠宰加工厂人员。
Objective To understand the antibody levels of avian influenza workers exposed to occupational exposure and the distribution of environmental conditions in different places so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods Two hundred and seventy questionnaires were collected from different places of occupational exposure in Shiyan area in 2011. 234 external environmental samples were collected on a quarterly basis. Two antigens were tested for HI and Real- time PCR method to detect, and finally using Epidata and SPSS 17.0 for statistical analysis. Results All the specimens were negative. The positive rate of external environment specimens was 21.37%, of which the detection rate of live market of farmers in urban and rural areas was 64%. The large-scale poultry slaughter and processing plant was 42.5%, the wild bird habitat was 1.96% There was no significant difference in the detection rate of different places (χ2 = 54.734, P <0.05). The sampling time did not affect the detection rate (χ2 = 2.837, P> 0.05). Conclusion The outbreak of bird flu in different places is different. The level of antibody in occupational exposed people is relatively low. The people who need intensive protection are the livelihood farmers market in urban and rural areas and large poultry slaughtering and processing factories.