铝合金半成品和制品的生产是一个多阶段和多因素过程,其中的多种因素对合金的使用性能和工艺性能都有极重要的影响。炉料和辅助材料的成分和性能、熔炼、精炼、变质处理和铸造工艺,既决定熔铸及随后压力加工阶段合金的性能,以后又将决定各种制品的性能。在大多数情况下用作结构材料的铝合金,其使用性能主要表现在机械性能上。在理想情况下,机械性能是由合金成分、铸造组织的弥散度及热处理质量决定的。实际上,机械性能,主要是稳定性和各向同性,与不可避免的冶金缺陷的数量和尺寸有很大 The production of aluminum alloy semifinished products and products is a multi-stage and multi-factor process, in which many factors have a very important influence on the serviceability and process performance of the alloy. The composition and properties of the charge and ancillary materials, smelting, refining, metamorphic treatment and casting processes determine both the properties of the alloy during the casting and subsequent pressure processing stages and will in turn determine the properties of the various articles. In most cases, aluminum alloy used as structural material, the performance of which is mainly reflected in the mechanical properties. Ideally, the mechanical properties are determined by the alloy composition, the degree of dispersion of the cast structure, and the quality of the heat treatment. In fact, the mechanical properties, mainly the stability and the isotropy, and the number and size of unavoidable metallurgical defects are significant