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Objective: To study the effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic (GDNF) on adult peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods: Transectioned sciatic nerve in adult rats was sutured into silicone channel. GDNF or SAL solution was injected into the silicone channels during operation. Four weeks later, the effect of GDNF on axonal regeneration was evaluated by degenerative neurofiber staining and HRP retrograde tracing. Results: Compared with SAL group, the percentage of degenerative neurofiber areas decreased from 17.3% to 1.9% ( P＜0.01 ) and the ratio of labeled spinal somas number was significantly increased from 43.5% to 68.3% ( P＜0.01 ) in GDNF group. Conclusion: The results suggest that exogenous GDNF can obviously enhance adult peripheral nerve regeneration.